Análisis de las Repercusiones Sociales de Falsas Denuncias por Delitos Sexuales en Colombia

El artículo de revisión bibliográfica tiene como objeto analizar la problemática que enfrenta la sociedad respecto de los cada vez más numerosos denuncios por delitos sexuales en Colombia, las falencias normativas, institucionales y sociales que implican las acusaciones o denuncias con base en hechos falsos, toda vez que, siempre se ha analizado el tema desde el sentir de las víctimas y de igual forma se realizan las investigaciones y procedimientos. Es por ello que, en el tiempo, se vulneran los derechos de los imputados, pues, no se observa el principio constitucional de legalidad, que dice: “nadie será juzgado sino bajo las normas propias de cada juicio y la observancia de la presunción de inocencia” (C.P. 1991). Lamentablemente en Colombia no existe o no se aplica la presunción de inocencia, sino de culpabilidad. La administración de justicia requiere de modificaciones en sus procedimientos y para ello necesita colaboración de otras entidades del Estado, además de implementación de normas que se basen en las necesidades sociales actuales. De igual forma las instituciones deben actualizarse en sus conocimientos, técnicas y procedimientos para evitar la afectación de derechos de los implicados. las falencias normativas, institucionales y sociales que implican las acusaciones o denuncias con base en hechos falsos, solo con base en lo declarado por las víctimas, sin ahondar más allá, puede afectar gravemente la situación del supuesto victimario. Palabras claves: Denuncio, delitos sexuales, víctima, victimario, procedimiento, justicia.Universidad Libre-Facultad de derecho-Especialización en Derecho Penal y Criminología.The current bibliographic revision article serves as evidence to a growing problematic in Colombia's society. Every day, there are more and more complaints related to sexual crimes. The normative, institutional, and social shortcomings imply complaints or accusations based on false facts. Every time, the case is analyzed from the victims' point of view. Similarly, the procedures and investigations are also carried out in the same way. Therefore, in time, the defendant rights are violented. The constitutional principal of legality that says: "No one will be judged, only under the norms of each trial, he or she will be considered innocent until proven otherwise" is not observed. In Colombia, the presumption of innocence is non-existent or non-applicable. Only that of culpability. The justice administration requires modifications in its procedures. To fulfill these, it needs the cooperation of other State entities, and the implementation of norms based on the current social needs. Furthermore, institutions must update their knowledge, technics, and procedures to avoid the violation of the defendant's rights. The normative, institutional, and social shortcomings that imply accusations and complaints based on fake facts, based on only what has been declared by the victim, without a deeper understanding, can seriously affect the alleged victimizer

Mapping potential determinants of peroxidative activity in an evolved fungal peroxygenase from agrocybe aegerita

Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are hybrid biocatalysts with peroxygenative activity that insert oxygen into non-activated compounds, while also possessing convergent peroxidative activity for one electron oxidation reactions. In several ligninolytic peroxidases, the site of peroxidative activity is associated with an oxidizable aromatic residue at the protein surface that connects to the buried heme domain through a long-range electron transfer (LRET) pathway. However, the peroxidative activity of these enzymes may also be initiated at the heme access channel. In this study, we examined the origin of the peroxidative activity of UPOs using an evolved secretion variant (PaDa-I mutant) from Agrocybe aegerita as our point of departure. After analyzing potential radical-forming aromatic residues at the PaDa-I surface by QM/MM, independent saturation mutagenesis libraries of Trp24, Tyr47, Tyr79, Tyr151, Tyr265, Tyr281, Tyr293 and Tyr325 were constructed and screened with both peroxidative and peroxygenative substrates. These mutant libraries were mostly inactive, with only a few functional clones detected, none of these showing marked differences in the peroxygenative and peroxidative activities. By contrast, when the flexible Gly314-Gly318 loop that is found at the outer entrance to the heme channel was subjected to combinatorial saturation mutagenesis and computational analysis, mutants with improved kinetics and a shift in the pH activity profile for peroxidative substrates were found, while they retained their kinetic values for peroxygenative substrates. This striking change was accompanied by a 4.5°C enhancement in kinetic thermostability despite the variants carried up to four consecutive mutations. Taken together, our study proves that the origin of the peroxidative activity in UPOs, unlike other ligninolytic peroxidases described to date, is not dependent on a LRET route from oxidizable residues at the protein surface, but rather it seems to be exclusively located at the heme access channel.This work was supported by the Comunidad de Madrid Synergy CAM Project Y2018/BIO-4738-EVOCHIMERA-CM, the PID2019-106166RB-100-OXYWAVE and the PID2019-106370RB-I00-PZymes grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the CSIC Project PIE-201580E042. AB-N thanks the PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Immigration and Social Inclusion: Possibilities from School and Sports

Immigration is a manifestation of cultural pluralism that crosses a transversal form, an important part of the western societies, generating consequences in political, social and cultural terms. Likewise, the evidence shows that the educational system attached to sport can be a positive context to promote inclusive processes associated to the immigrant population, due to its high social transcendence and its universal character. On the other hand, sports may act as a tool for social and cultural conflict if they focus on the imposition of a dominant culture or exacerbates the competitive sense. The present chapter has by objective to analyze the possibilities of sports as a tool for the social inclusion of the immigrant population, giving special emphasis to the educational options that were offered by the sport practice in the school context. To do this, it presents an important number of theoretical and empirical backgrounds associated with this topic, which will allow the reader to understand the existing relationship between sport, education and immigration, exposing their possible risks and virtues

Multiple Tooth Agenesis in Non-syndromic Patient: a rare case report

Dental agenesis is a term referred to the absence of one or more teeth. However, oligodontia is a severe type of tooth agenesis involving six or more congenitally missing teeth, excluding the third molars. Oligodontia has a low prevalence and is a very rare condition. The aim was to show this case report of a 13-year-old female patient who presented oligodontia with absence of eight permanent teeth and condylar atrophy on left side. The patient had no history of any syndrome or systemic disease according to the anamnesis. Is very important to know oligodontia features to perform a carefully treatment plan

Regulación de mochilas para aplicación de herbicidas y fitosanitarios

AER Caa CatiFil: Esparza, Silvina Luisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Corrientes. Agencia de Extensión Rural Caa Cati; Argentina.Fil: Beltrán, Víctor Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; Argentina

Experimental evolution of the coral algal endosymbiont, Cladocopium goreaui: lessons learnt across a decade of stress experiments to enhance coral heat tolerance

Projected increases in sea surface temperatures will exceed corals' ability to withstand heat stress within this century. Experimental evolution of cultured symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) at high temperatures followed by reintroduction into corals can enhance coral heat tolerance. Several studies have selected for enhanced tolerance in Cladocopium goreaui (C1) over multiple time scales and then compared the performance of coral juveniles infected with the heat-tolerant C1 selected strain (SS) to the performance of juveniles infected with the C1 wild type (WT). To derive lessons about host benefits when symbionts are experimentally selected, here we compare the performance of SS- and WT-juveniles after 21 cell generations of heat selection versus longer periods (73–131) in recently published experiments. After 21 generations, we found rapid improvement in heat tolerance of SS through an overall shift in the mean tolerance to temperature. This did not translate to improved growth and survivorship of the coral. Specifically, survival did not differ significantly between juveniles of Acropora tenuis hosting WT versus SS at any temperature. Juveniles infected with WT exhibited greater skeletal growth than those infected with SS at 27 and 31°C but not at 32.5°C. SS-juvenile symbiont cell densities increased significantly at 27°C relative to SS-juveniles in the 31 and 32.5°C. Photosynthetic efficiencies in SS-juveniles were higher compared to WT-juveniles at 31°C, equal at 27°C, and lower at 32.5°C. These results suggest that selection over longer generation (>130) times will be needed to confer host benefits and will be dependent on the stability of this association being maintained in nature

Development of engineered cementitious composites with limestone powder and blast furnace slag

Nowadays limestone powder and blast furnace slag (BFS) are widely used in concrete as blended materials in cement. The replacement of Portland cement by limestone powder and BFS can lower the cost and enhance the greenness of concrete, since the production of these two materials needs less energy and causes less CO(2) emission than Portland cement. Moreover, the use of limestone powder and BFS improves the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, such as workability and durability. Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a class of ultra ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility, tight crack width control and relatively low fiber content. The limestone powder and BFS are used to produce ECC in this research. The mix proportion is designed experimentally by adjusting the amount of limestone powder and BFS, accompanied by four-point bending test and uniaxial tensile test. This study results in an ECC mix proportion with the Portland cement content as low as 15% of powder by weight. This mixture, at 28 days, exhibits a high tensile strain capacity of 3.3%, a tight crack width of 57 mu m and a moderate compressive strength of 38 MPa. In order to promote a wide use of ECC, it was tried to simplify the mixing of ECC with only two matrix materials, i.e. BFS cement and limestone powder, instead of three matrix materials. By replacing Portland cement and BFS in the aforementioned ECC mixture with BFS cement, the ECC with BFS cement and limestone powder exhibits a tensile strain capacity of 3.1%, a crack width of 76 mu m and a compressive strength of 40 MPa after 28 days of curing

Catálogo de variedades de mandarinas

Se desarrollan las principales características y recomendaciones de cada una de las variedades de mandarinas incluidas en el catálogo.EEA ConcordiaFil: Garavello, Miguel Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Beltran, Victor Manuel. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Kornowski, Marcela Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentin

Catálogo de variedades de kumquats

En el catálogo de variedades de kumquat, se describen las principales características y recomendaciones de las variedades seleccionadasEEA ConcordiaFil: Garavello, Miguel Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Beltran, Victor Manuel. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Kornowski, Marcela Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentin